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Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great was born in 356 BC in Macedonia. His father, King Philip II, was a strong and smart leader. Alexander learned from the great philosopher Aristotle. He loved to read and think.
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Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar was born in 100 BC in Rome. He was smart and ambitious. As a young man, he became a great general. He won many battles and made Rome stronger.
Caesar was also a strong politician. In ...
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Cleopatra
Cleopatra was born in 69 BC in Egypt. She was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, a Greek family that ruled Egypt. She became queen in 51 BC at the age of eighteen. She ruled with her younger brother, ...
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Confucius
Confucius was born in 551 BC in China. His Chinese name was Kong Fuzi. He grew up in a poor family but loved learning. As a young man, he studied history, music, and government. He wanted to help peop...
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Qin Shi Huang
Qin Shi Huang was born in 259 BC in China. His real name was Ying Zheng. At the age of 13, he became the king of Qin, a small but strong kingdom. He wanted to unite all of China.
By 221 BC, Ying Zh...
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Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han was born in 156 BC in China. His real name was Liu Che. At the age of 16, he became the emperor of the Han Dynasty. He ruled for 54 years, making him one of China’s longest-ruling ...
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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan was born in 1162 in Mongolia. His real name was Temujin. When he was young, his father was killed, and his family suffered. Temujin learned to be strong and smart.
As he grew up, he un...
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Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc was a young French girl who became a great hero during the Hundred Years’ War. She was born in 1412 in a small village called Domrémy. From a young age, she believed that God had chosen...
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Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in Italy. He was one of the greatest minds of the Renaissance. He was a painter, scientist, engineer, and inventor. He loved to learn and explore new ideas.
Leona...
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Michelangelo
Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in 1475 in Italy. He was one of the greatest artists of the Renaissance. He was a sculptor, painter, and architect. His work showed deep emotion and beauty.
As a ch...
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Martin Luther
Martin Luther was born in the year 1483 in Germany. He became a monk and later worked as a professor. He studied the Bible carefully and believed that faith was the most important part of salvation. A...
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Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei was born in 1564 in Pisa, Italy. He loved learning and showed great talent in mathematics. His father wanted him to study medicine, but Galileo was more interested in how things moved....
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Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was born in 1643 in England. As a child, he was very curious and loved building things. He made small machines, water clocks, and even a sundial.
When he grew up, Newton went to Cambri...
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Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in Genoa, Italy. As a boy, he loved the sea and dreamed of exploring the world. He became a sailor and later planned a great journey to find a new route to Asia.
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Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama was born in Portugal in 1460. As a young man, he loved the sea and wanted to explore new places. Portugal was a strong sea power, and its king, Manuel I, wanted to find a sea route to In...
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica, France. As a young boy, he was smart and ambitious. He went to a military school and became a strong leader.
During the French Revoluti...
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George Washington
George Washington was born in 1732 in Virginia, which was part of the British colonies in America. As a young man, he worked as a land surveyor and later became a soldier. He was brave and smart, whic...
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Karl Marx
Karl Marx was born in 1818 in Trier, Germany. He was a brilliant thinker and studied philosophy, history, and economics. He believed that society was unfair because rich people controlled most of the ...
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Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria was born in 1819 in England. She became queen in 1837 when she was only 18 years old. She ruled Britain for 63 years, making her one of the longest-serving monarchs in history.
Durin...
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Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was born in 1847 in Ohio, USA. He was curious and loved to learn new things. As a child, he often asked many questions. His mother taught him at home because his teachers thought he was ...
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Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla was born in 1856 in Smiljan, a village in the Austrian Empire (now Croatia). From a young age, he was very intelligent and loved science. He had a great memory and could solve difficult m...
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Socrates
Socrates was born in Athens around 470 BC. He is known as the father of Western philosophy because he helped shape the way people think about ethics and logic. Unlike other philosophers of his time, S...
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Plato
Plato was born in Athens around 427 BC. He was a student of Socrates and later became one of the most important philosophers in history. He wrote many books about philosophy, politics, and education. ...
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Aristotle
Aristotle was born in 384 BC in Stagira, Greece. He was a student of Plato and later became a teacher to Alexander the Great. He studied many subjects, including logic, science, ethics, and politics. ...
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Augustus
Augustus was born in 63 BC as Gaius Octavius. He was the adopted son of Julius Caesar and became Rome’s first emperor. His rule began the Pax Romana, a long period of peace in the Roman Empire.
A...
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Constantine the Great
Constantine the Great was born in AD 272. He became the emperor of Rome and is famous for making Christianity legal. He also helped build the foundation of the Eastern Roman Empire.
Before Constant...
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Al-Khwarizmi
Al-Khwarizmi was born in the year 780 in Persia. He was a great mathematician, astronomer, and geographer. His most important work was in algebra, which became a key part of modern mathematics.
He ...
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Marco Polo
Marco Polo was born in 1254 in Venice, Italy. His father and uncle were merchants who traveled to faraway lands. When Marco was young, they went on a long journey to Asia. In 1271, Marco joined them o...
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Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg was born around 1400 in Germany. He was a skilled craftsman and inventor who changed the way books were made. His most important invention was the movable metal type printing press,...
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King Sejong the Great
King Sejong was born in 1397 and became the fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea. He was a wise and kind ruler who helped improve Korean culture, science, and education. His most famous achievem...
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Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus was born in 1473 in Poland. He was a great astronomer who changed the way people understood the universe. His most famous idea was the heliocentric theory, which said that the Sun,...
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Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon was born in 1561 in England. He was a philosopher, scientist, and politician who helped develop the scientific method. His ideas changed how people studied nature and led to the growth o...
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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in England. He was a famous playwright, poet, and actor who wrote many great plays and poems. His works have influenced literature, theater, and the English langua...
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Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler was born in 1571 in Germany. He was a brilliant astronomer and mathematician who discovered the laws of planetary motion. His work helped explain how planets move around the Sun and su...
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René Descartes
René Descartes was born in 1596 in France. He was a great philosopher, mathematician, and scientist who helped shape modern thinking. His ideas laid the foundation for modern philosophy and influence...
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Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 in France. As a young boy, he was interested in science and loved to ask questions about the world around him. He studied chemistry and became a scientist who made great...
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Fyodor Dostoevsky
Fyodor Dostoevsky was born in 1821 in Russia. From a young age, he was interested in literature and storytelling. He read many books and dreamed of becoming a writer. However, his life was full of str...
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Leo Tolstoy
Leo Tolstoy was born in 1828 in Russia. He grew up in a noble family and received a good education, but he struggled with school and left university without finishing his studies. Despite this, he lov...
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Wilhelm Röntgen
Wilhelm Röntgen was born in 1845 in Germany. He was a physicist who changed medicine forever. In 1895, he discovered X-rays, a special kind of invisible light that could pass through objects.
Befo...
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James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell was born in 1831 in Scotland. He was a brilliant physicist who changed the way we understand electricity and magnetism. His greatest achievement was the development of electromagne...
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Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel was born in 1822 in Austria. He was a biologist and monk who discovered the basic laws of genetics. His experiments with pea plants helped scientists understand how traits are passed fro...
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Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday was born in 1791 in England. He was one of the greatest scientists in history, despite having little formal education. His discoveries in electricity and magnetism became the foundatio...
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin was born in 1706 in the American colonies. He was a politician, inventor, and scientist who played a key role in the founding of the United States and in the study of electricity.
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Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens was born in 1812 in England. He became one of the greatest writers in English literature. His novels showed the struggles of poor people and helped bring attention to social problems.
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Victor Hugo
Victor Hugo was born in 1802 in France. He became one of the most famous writers in French literature. His novels and poems often focused on justice, love, and the struggles of the poor.
His most f...
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Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 in Sweden. He was a chemist, engineer, and inventor best known for creating dynamite. His invention changed construction and mining but was also used in war, which made h...
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770 in Germany. He became one of the greatest composers in history, transforming classical music and leading it into the Romantic era. His powerful and emotional musi...
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Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach was born in 1685 in Germany. He was one of the greatest composers of the Baroque period and helped shape Western classical music. His works are known for their complexity, beauty...
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born in 1749 in Germany. He was one of the greatest writers in German literature and made important contributions to poetry, drama, and philosophy. His most famous work,...
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Henri Poincaré
Henri Poincaré was born in 1854 in France. He was a brilliant mathematician, physicist, and philosopher of science. His contributions to many fields, including topology, celestial mechanics, and rela...
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
Carl Friedrich Gauss was born in 1777 in Germany. He was one of the greatest mathematicians in history and made major contributions to many fields, including algebra, number theory, geometry, and stat...
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Pierre and Marie Curie
Pierre Curie (born in 1859) and Marie Curie (born in 1867) were a famous scientist couple who made groundbreaking discoveries in radioactivity. Their research led to the discovery of radium and poloni...
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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He became one of the greatest scientists in history, changing the way we understand space, time, and energy. His Theory of Relativity revolutionized modern...
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Alexander Fleming
Alexander Fleming was born in 1881 in Scotland. He was a biologist and doctor who made one of the greatest medical discoveries in history—the discovery of penicillin. His work led to the development...
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
J. Robert Oppenheimer was born in 1904 in the United States. He was a brilliant physicist and is best known as the leader of the Manhattan Project, the secret U.S. program that developed the first ato...
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Mahatma Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869 in India. He became one of the most influential leaders in history, leading India to independence from British rule through nonviolent resistance. His philosophy of tru...
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Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 in South Africa. He became the most important leader in the fight against apartheid, a system of racial segregation that discriminated against Black South Africans. Thr...
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Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was born in 1929 in the United States. He was a Baptist pastor and the most famous leader of the American civil rights movement. Through nonviolent resistance, he fought for rac...
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